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Nineteenth Street Baptist Church (Washington, D.C.)
The Nineteenth Street Baptist Church, located on 16th Street, NW, is considered to be the first and oldest black Baptist congregation in Washington, D.C.〔http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/cromwell/cromwell.html〕 Since its founding in 1839, the church has figured prominently within the historical and social fabric of Washington, D.C.'s African American community.〔Moore, Jacqueline (1999)Leading the race: The transformation of the black elite in the nations capital 1880-1920, University Press of Virginia ISBN 0813919037〕
==The Founding==
Established as the First Colored Baptist Church of Washington, D.C. on August 29, 1839, the congregation was a part of The First Baptist Church of the City of Washington, DC which was founded on March 7, 1802.〔Fitzpatrick, Sandra & Goodwin, Maria (1993)The Guide to Black Washington, Hippocrene Books, Inc. ISBN 0870528327〕 Described initially as an interracial congregation, black members worshipped alongside whites. However, similar to other congregations of the time, the church gradually began to segregate its black members from white parishioners.〔 Given their discontent with being assigned to the gallery of what was now the new location of the First Baptist Church, the black members chose to leave the congregation and establish their own independent church on the original site at 19th and I Streets, N.W.〔 The founders of the First Colored Baptist Church of Washington, D.C. included Reverend Lewis Richards, Reverend Jeremiah Moore, Reverend Adam Freeman, Reverend William Parkinson, Cephas Fox, Charles P. Polk, Emily Coke, William Coke, Charles Rogers, John Buchan, Mary Emma Cabaniss, Joseph Borrows and Sarah Borrows.〔〔http://everyblessing.org/about-us/〕 Reverend Sampson White, who was also instrumental in the establishing of the Abyssinian Baptist Church of New York City, served as the first pastor of the newly formed church.〔
The congregation eventually purchased property on the southwest corner of 19th and I Streets, N.W. The first structure was erected on the site and incorporated as the Baptist Church of Christ in Washington.〔 Soon after its founding, the church was admitted to the Philadelphia Baptist Association in October 1840. From 1839 to 1882, the church experienced rapid development including the organization of a Board of Deacons, a Board of Trustees, the Missionary Society, the Christian Mite Society, the Senior Choir, the Sunday School and the formulation of the church's Rules of Decorum.〔Dozier, Lois (2009) A history worth repeating: One hundred and seventieth anniversary of Nineteenth Street Baptist Church〕 In 1867, the American Baptist Home Mission Society used the basement of the church to offer courses to freedmen interested in entering the Baptist ministry. The program would eventually become the wayland Seminary.〔Logan, Rayford (1968) Howard University: The first hundred years 1867-1967, New York University Press, ISBN 0814702635〕 On November 16, 1870 the church received its charter and was incorporated as the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church. A new edifice would be erected in 1871 and serve as the worship site for over a decade
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